ʻO ka holomua wikiwiki o ka ʻenehana ʻōnaehana CNC ua hāʻawi i nā kūlana no ka holomua ʻenehana o nā mīkini mīkini CNC. I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o ka mākeke a hoʻokō i nā koi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana hana hou no ka ʻenehana CNC, ʻike nui ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana CNC honua a me kāna mau mea hana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana:
1. Ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana oNā mea hana mīkini CNCʻAʻole hiki i ke ala kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka mīkini hana a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mīkini, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini ʻili a me ka pololei o nā ʻāpana. Hiki i ka ʻenehana mīkini māmā holo kiʻekiʻe loa ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka ʻoihana hana.
Mai ka 1990s, ua hoʻokūkū nā ʻāina ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana e hoʻomohala a hoʻohana i kahi hanauna hou o nā mīkini mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe CNC, e wikiwiki ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o nā mīkini mīkini. ʻO nā mea hou i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana spindle kiʻekiʻe (ka uila uila, ka wikiwiki 15000-100000 r / min), ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki / deceleration meaʻai neʻe i nā ʻāpana (wikiwiki neʻe wikiwiki 60-120m / min, ʻoki wikiwiki i ka hānai a hiki i 60m / min), kiʻekiʻe-hana kiʻekiʻe CNC a me nā ʻōnaehana servo. Me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano ʻenehana e like me ka ultra high speed cutting mechanism, ultra hard wear-resistant long-life tool materials and abrasive grinding tools, high-power high-speed electric spindle, high acceleration/deceleration linear motor driven feed parts, high-performance control system (me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana) a me nā mea pale, ua hoʻolako ʻia kahi kumu ʻenehana o ka mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
I kēia manawa, i ka ultra high speed machining, ua hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka huli ʻana a me ka milling ma luna o 5000-8000m / min; ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka spindle ma luna o 30000 rpm (hiki i kekahi ke piʻi i ka 100000 r / min); ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe (feed rate) o ka papa hana: ma luna o 100m / min (kekahi a hiki i 200m / min) ma kahi hoʻonā o 1 micrometer, a ma luna o 24m / min ma kahi hoʻonā o 0.1 micrometer; Hoʻololi ʻakomi i ka wikiwiki i loko o 1 kekona; ʻO ka helu hānai no ka interpolation laina liʻiliʻi hiki i 12m / min.
2. Kiekie pololei
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana oNā mea hana mīkini CNCmai ka mīkini kikoʻī a i ka mīkini kikoʻī ultra kahi kuhikuhi i hoʻokō ʻia e nā mana ʻoihana a puni ka honua. Aia kona pololei mai ka pae micrometer a i ka pae submicron, a hiki i ka pae nanometer (<10nm), a ke laha nui nei kona laula noi.
I kēia manawa, ma lalo o ke koi o ka mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka machining pololei o nā mīkini mīkini CNC maʻamau mai ± 10 μ Hoʻonui i ka m a ± 5 μ M; ʻO ka pololei machining o nā kikowaena mīkini pololei mai ± 3 a 5 μm. E hoʻonui i ka ± 1-1.5 μm. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe; Ua komo ka pololei machining ultra precision i ka pae nanometer (0.001 micrometers), a ua koi ʻia ka pololei o ka spindle rotation a hiki i ka 0.01~0.05 micrometers, me ka pōʻai ʻana o 0.1 micrometers a me ka ʻili o ka mīkini roughness o Ra = 0.003 micrometers. Hoʻohana maʻamau kēia mau mīkini mīkini i nā spindle uila hoʻololi ʻia i ka vector controlled variable frequency drive (i hui pū ʻia me ka motika a me ka spindle), me ka holo ʻana o ka radial o ka spindle ma lalo o 2 µm, ka neʻe ʻana o ke axial ma lalo o 1 µm, a me ke kaulike ʻole o ke kumu a hiki i ka pae G0.4.
ʻO ka hoʻokele hānai o nā mea hana mīkini mīkini kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻelua: "rotary servo motor me ka precision high-speed ball screw" a me "linear motor direct drive". Eia kekahi, ua maʻalahi nā mea hana mīkini e puka mai nei e hoʻokō i ka hānai wikiwiki.
Ma muli o kāna ʻenehana oʻo a me ka hoʻohana ākea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻūlū pōleʻa ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (ISO3408 pae 1), akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mīkini kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou e nā mīkini mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ka mea hana mīkini mīkini kiʻekiʻe i kēia manawa i alakaʻi ʻia e ka pōlele pōleʻa he 90m / min ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o 1.5g.
No ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka pōleʻa, ʻo ia ka mea e pili ana i ka deformation elastic, friction, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana, e hopena i ka hysteresis motion a me nā hewa nonlinear ʻē aʻe. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hopena o kēia mau hewa i ka pololei o ka mīkini, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa laina laina i nā mea mīkini i ka makahiki 1993. No ka mea he "zero transmission" me ka ʻole o nā loulou waena, ʻaʻole wale ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi inertia, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka pane wikiwiki. Hiki i ka pololei o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pane kūlana kiʻekiʻe, e hana ana ia i kahi ala hoʻokele kūpono no nā mea mīkini mīkini kiʻekiʻe a me ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea mīkini mīkini nui. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka 208 m / min ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o nā mīkini machining kiʻekiʻe a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā motika laina, me ka wikiwiki o 2g, a aia kahi lumi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
3. hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noi pūnaewele oNā mea hana mīkini CNC, ua lilo ka hilina'i ki'eki'e o nā mīkini mīkini CNC i pahuhopu i hahai'ia e nā mea hana pūnaewele CNC a me nā mea hana mīkini mīkini CNC. No ka hale hana hana ʻole ʻia e hana i ʻelua hoʻololi i ka lā, inā koi ʻia e hana mau a maʻamau i loko o 16 mau hola me ka helu manuahi ʻole o P (t)=99% a ʻoi aʻe paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ma waena o nā hemahema (MTBF) o ka mīkini mīkini CNC ma mua o 3000 mau hola. No hoʻokahi wale nō mea hana mīkini CNC, ʻo 10: 1 ka nui o ka hemahema ma waena o ka mea hoʻokipa a me ka ʻōnaehana CNC (ʻo ka hilinaʻi o ka CNC he hoʻokahi kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka mea hoʻokipa). I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka MTBF o ka ʻōnaehana CNC ma mua o 33333.3 mau hola, a ʻo ka MTBF o ka mea CNC, spindle, a me ka hoʻokele pono e ʻoi aku ma mua o 100000 mau hola.
Ua hōʻea ka waiwai MTBF o nā mea CNC haole i kēia manawa ma luna o 6000 mau hola, a ua hiki i ka mea hoʻokele ma luna o 30000 mau hola. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia aia nō kahi hakahaka mai ka pahuhopu kūpono.
4. Huihui
I ke kaʻina hana o nā ʻāpana, hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o ka manawa pono ʻole i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea hana, ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana, a me ka wikiwiki o ka spindle. I mea e hōʻemi ai i kēia mau manawa pono ʻole e like me ka hiki, ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe e hoʻohui i nā hana hoʻoili like ʻole ma ka mīkini hana like. No laila, ua lilo nā mea mīkini hana hui i mea hoʻohālike e ulu wikiwiki nei i nā makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka mīkini mea hana composite machining e pili ana i ka hiki o kahi mīkini hana e hana maʻalahi i ka mīkini kaʻina hana like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka papahana mīkini CNC ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mea hana i hoʻokahi hele, i mea e hoʻopau ai i nā kaʻina hana like ʻole e like me ka huli ʻana, milling, drilling, boring, grinding, tapping, reaming, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi ʻāpana paʻakikī. No nā ʻāpana prismatic, ʻo nā kikowaena mīkini ka mea hana mīkini maʻamau e hana ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā kaʻina hana composite me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana like. Ua hōʻoia ʻia e hiki i ka mīkini hana hoʻohuihui ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei a me ka pono o ka mīkini, mālama i ka lewa, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka pōʻaiapili mīkini o nā ʻāpana.
5. Polyaxialization
Me ka kaulana o 5-axis linkage CNC system and programming software, 5-axis linkage controlled machining centers and CNC milling machines (vertical machining centers) ua lilo i wahi piko pele hoʻomohala i kēia manawa. Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka mana pili 5-axis i ka papahana CNC no nā mea ʻoki wili pōleʻa i ka wā e hana ai i nā ʻāpana manuahi, a me ka hiki ke mālama i ka wikiwiki ʻoki kūpono no nā mea ʻoki wili pōleʻa i ka wā o ke kaʻina wili o 3D surfaces, ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka roughness o ka ʻili mīkini a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, i ka 3-axis linkage controlled machine tool, he mea hiki ʻole ke pale aku i ka pau ʻana o ka mea ʻoki ʻoki pōleʻa me ka wikiwiki ʻoki kokoke i ka ʻole mai ke komo ʻana i ka ʻoki. No laila, ua lilo nā mea mīkini 5-axis linkage i mea koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala ikaika a me ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā mea hana mīkini mīkini nui ma muli o kā lākou mau pono hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi.
I kēia mau lā, ke noiʻi nei nā ʻāina ʻē i ka mana pili 6-axis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻoki ʻoki ʻole i nā kikowaena mīkini. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ko lākou ʻano mīkini a hiki ke lahilahi ka hohonu o ka ʻokiʻoki, haʻahaʻa loa ka hana mīkini a paʻakikī ke hoʻohana.
6. Naauao
ʻO ka naʻauao kahi kuhikuhi nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana i ka 21st century. ʻO ka mīkini akamai kahi ʻano mīkini e pili ana i ka mana neural network control, fuzzy control, digital network technology, and theory. Manaʻo ia e hoʻohālikelike i nā hana naʻauao a nā poʻe akamai kanaka i ka wā o ka mīkini hana, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia he nui ʻole e pono ai ka hana lima. Aia ka ʻike o ka naʻauao i nā ʻano like ʻole i nā ʻōnaehana CNC:
No ka hahai ʻana i ka pono hana akamai a me ka maikaʻi, e like me ka mana adaptive a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana;
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana hoʻokele a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pilina naʻauao, e like me ka mana feedforward, ka helu adaptive o nā ʻāpana kaʻa, ka ʻike maʻalahi o nā ukana, ke koho maʻalahi o nā hiʻohiʻona, ka hoʻoponopono ponoʻī ʻana, a pēlā aku;
ʻO ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ka hana naʻauao, e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa akamai, ka ʻenehana kanaka-mīkini akamai, etc.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me ka mālama ʻana.
Nui nā ʻōnaehana ʻoki a me nā mīkini ma lalo o ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka honua, a ma waena o ka Japan Intelligent CNC Device Research Association nā ʻōnaehana naʻauao machining no ka wili ʻana.
7. Huina pūnaewele
ʻO ka mana pūnaewele o nā mīkini mīkini e pili nui ana i ka pilina pūnaewele a me ka mana pūnaewele ma waena o ka mīkini mīkini a me nā ʻōnaehana mana waho a i ʻole nā kamepiula luna ma o ka ʻōnaehana CNC lako. ʻO nā mīkini mīkini CNC e kū mua i ka pūnaewele hana a me ka LAN kūloko o ka ʻoihana, a laila e hoʻopili i waho o ka ʻoihana ma o ka Pūnaewele, i kapa ʻia ʻo Internet/Intranet ʻenehana.
Me ka oʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana pūnaewele, ua hoʻopuka hou ka ʻoihana i ka manaʻo o ka hana kikohoʻe. ʻO ka hana kikohoʻe, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo "e-manufacturing", ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana mechanical a me ke ʻano hoʻolako maʻamau no nā mea hana mīkini mīkini holomua honua i kēia lā. Me ka hoʻolaha ākea o ka ʻenehana ʻike, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana i ka home e koi i nā lawelawe kamaʻilio mamao a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i ka wā e lawe mai ai i nā mea mīkini mīkini CNC. Ma ke kumu o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o CAD / CAM, ke hoʻohana nui nei nā ʻoihana hana mechanical e hoʻohana ana i nā lako mīkini CNC. Ke ulu nui nei ka lako polokalamu noi CNC i ka waiwai a me ka mea hoʻohana. ʻO ka hoʻolālā virtual, ka hana virtual a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe e ʻimi nui ʻia e ka ʻenekinia a me nā limahana loea. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā lako paʻakikī me ka ʻike lako polokalamu ke lilo nei i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana mīkini hou. Ma lalo o ka pahuhopu o ka hana kikohoʻe, ua puka mai kekahi mau polokalamu hoʻokele waiwai holomua e like me ERP ma o ke kaʻina hana reengineering a me ka hoʻololi ʻenehana ʻike, e hana ana i nā pono waiwai kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻoihana.
8. Hoʻololi
ʻO ke ʻano o nā mīkini mīkini CNC e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana automation hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia mai kahi (CNC hoʻokahi mīkini, kikowaena mīkini, a me CNC composite machining machine), laina (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) i luna (mokulele hana kūʻokoʻa, FA), a me ke kino (CIMS, distributed network integrated manufacturing system), a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e nānā i ka noi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka ʻenehana automation maʻalahi ke ala nui no ka ʻoihana hana e hoʻololi i nā koi mākeke ikaika a hoʻonui wikiwiki i nā huahana. ʻO ia ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāina like ʻole a me ka ʻenehana kumu i ka ʻoihana hana holomua. ʻO kāna manaʻo nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana, me ka pahuhopu o ka pūnaewele maʻalahi a me ka hoʻohui; Hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana unit; Ke ulu nei ka mīkini hoʻokahi CNC i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a me ka loli kiʻekiʻe; Hiki ke hoʻopili maʻalahi nā mea mīkini CNC a me kā lākou mau ʻōnaehana hana maʻalahi me CAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, a hoʻomohala i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike; ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana pūnaewele e pili ana i ka wehe, hoʻohui, a me ka naʻauao.
9. Hoʻomāmā
Pono nā mea mīkini ʻoki metala o ke kenekulia 21 e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻokō i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kaʻina ʻoki. I kēia manawa, ʻike nui kēia ʻenehana hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka wai ʻokiʻoki, ʻo ka mea nui no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai ʻaʻole e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni a hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino o ka limahana, akā hoʻonui pū i ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. Lawe ʻia ka ʻoki maloʻo i loko o ka lewa lewa, akā e komo pū ana me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ea hau hau kūikawā (nitrogen, ea anuanu, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻoluʻu electrostatic maloʻo) me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ʻoki. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi mau ʻano mīkini a me ka hui ʻana o ka mea hana, ʻo ka ʻoki maloʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka wai ʻoki ʻia he paʻakikī ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hana, no laila ua puka mai ka ʻoki maloʻo me ka liʻiliʻi lubrication (MQL). I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻo 10-15% o ka mīkini hana nui ma ʻEulopa i ka ʻoki maloʻo maloʻo a quasi. No nā mea mīkini e like me nā kikowaena mīkini i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻano hana mīkini he nui / hui ʻana o nā mea hana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻoki maloʻo quasi, ma ke ʻano maʻamau ma ke kāpī ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻaila ʻoki liʻiliʻi loa a me ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻoki ʻana ma o ke kahawai hollow i loko o ka milo mīkini a me ka mea hana. Ma waena o nā ʻano mīkini ʻoki metala, ʻo ka mīkini hobbing gear ka mea maʻamau no ka ʻoki maloʻo.
I ka pōkole, ʻo ka holomua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana mīkini mīkini CNC ua hāʻawi i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hana hou, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana ʻana i kahi kuhikuhi kanaka. Hiki ke ʻike mua ʻia me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana mīkini mīkini CNC a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā mīkini mīkini CNC, e hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana hana i kahi kipi hohonu e hiki ke hoʻoluliluli i ke ʻano hana kuʻuna.